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With the rapid development of biotechnology, the application of extremist microorganisms and their special metabolic products in industries, environment, energy and other fields has become increasingly widespread. Such microorganisms often survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures, strong acids, strong alkalis, high salts or high pressures, and their metabolic products often have strong corrosiveness, toxicity or flammability and explosiveness. Therefore, in the process of its industrial application, the material selection and safety design of the reactor have become one of the core technical issues. The rational selection of materials not only affects the service life and operating costs of the reactor, but also directly influences the safety and stability of the production process.

Biological fermentation technology is a core link in modern bioengineering and is widely applied in fields such as pharmaceuticals, food, energy, and environmental governance. Throughout the entire fermentation process, the fermenter serves as the reaction site, and its performance directly affects the growth of microorganisms, metabolic efficiency, and product quality. The "material" of the fermentation tank, as the fundamental component of its structure and function, plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the reaction system, reaction safety, aseptic environment, and corrosion resistance. Therefore, the rational selection of the material for the fermentation tank not only affects the service life and maintenance cost of the equipment, but also influences the biocompatibility and metabolic dynamics of the fermentation process at the micro level.

Biological fermentation is a process that uses microorganisms to transform organic matter and generate products under controlled conditions, and it is widely applied in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, chemical engineering, environmental protection, etc. During the fermentation process, the transfer of oxygen, the homogeneity of the culture medium and the growth and metabolism of microorganisms are closely related, and these three aspects are largely influenced by the stirring and ventilation systems. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the role of the stirring and aeration system in the fermentation process is of great significance for improving fermentation efficiency and optimizing process control.

With the proposal and continuous advancement of the "Industry 4.0" concept, the global manufacturing industry has ushered in a new round of technological revolution. Industry 4.0 emphasizes the deep integration of intelligent manufacturing, cyber-physical systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI), which is profoundly changing the production methods of traditional industries. Fermentation industry, as an important component of biomanufacturing, has extensive applications in multiple fields such as food, medicine, and chemical engineering. Although traditional fermentation tanks have significantly improved in production efficiency and product quality, they still have problems such as low levels of automation, lagging monitoring, and high reliance on manual labor. Intelligent fermentation tanks have emerged as The Times require and have become key equipment for achieving intelligent, refined and efficient fermentation processes. This article will analyze the concept, key technologies, application status and development trends of intelligent fermenters under the background of Industry 4.0.